Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells CD4+ differentiate into cytokine producing effector cellsDamage graft by reactions similar to DTHCD8+ cells activated by direct pathway kill nucleated cells in the graftCD8+ cells activated by the indirect pathway are self MHC-restricted Antigen presentation by class II MHC molecules.Īctivation of Alloreactive T cells and Rejection of Allografts Donor APCs migrate to regional lymph nodes and are recognized by the recipient’s TH cells.Alloreactive TH cells in the recipient induce generation of TDTH cell and CTLs then migrate into the graft and cause graft rejection.Īctivation of Alloreactive T cells and Rejection of Allografts Indirect Presentation Donor MHC is processed and presented by recipient APC Basically, donor MHC molecule is handled like any other foreign antigen Involve only CD4+ T cells. Recognition of Alloantigens Direct PresentationRecognition of an intact MHC molecule displayed by donor APC in the graftBasically, self MHC molecule recognizes the structure of an intact allogeneic MHC moleculeInvolves both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Alloantigens elicit both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. The Immunology of Allogeneic Transplantation Recognition of transplanted cells that are self or foreign is determined by polymorphic genes (MHC) that are inherited from both parents and are expressed co-dominantly. Immunology of Transplant Rejection Components of the Immune system involved in graft Rejection :đ) Antigen presenting cells – Dendritic cellsMacrophagesActivated B CellsĒ) B cells and antibodies – Preformed antibodiesNatural antibodiesPreformed antibodies from prior sensatizationInduced antibodiesē) T cellsĔ) Other cells – Natural killer cellsT cells that express NK cell – associated MarkersMonocytes/Macrophages Types of TransplantAutograft is self-tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual.Isograft is tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals.Allograft is tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species.Xenograft is tissue transferred between different species Introduction Transplantation immunology - sequence of events that occurs after an allograft or xenograft is removed from donor and then transplanted into a recipient.A major limitation to the success of transplantation is the immune response of the recipient to the donor tissue. Nagpur University, NagpurĬontents IntroductionImmunology of Transplant RejectionTissue and Organ TransplantationImmunosuppressive AgentsImmunosuppressive Therap圜onclusionReferences
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